[ 研究紹介 ]

 本共同研究は、ユダヤ人とロマ/「ジプシー」という移動と離散を強いられてきたディアスポラ共同体を例に、共同体の枠組みや過去が想起される契機とそのメカニズムを明らかにすることを目的としています。ユダヤ人とロマ/「ジプシー」は、いずれも歴史的迫害やホロコーストというトラウマ的な記憶を抱える共同体でありながら、前者は文字による文化の継承、後者は口承による文化の継承が強調され、それが国家建設を含む共同体形成や集団的な想起のあり方の違いとして受けとめられてきました。

 本研究では、集合的記憶論とものに関する近年の文化人類学的研究をふまえ、音楽、写真、絵画、建造物、インターネット上の資料などを通じて、共同体像が想起される局面に着目し、その形成のされ方や共有の範囲について検証します。また異なる地域におけるディアスポラの事例を検討することで、想起の実践と彼らの共同体の境界設定との関連を明らかにして、起源に収斂されがちな集合的記憶から逸脱する離散的な記憶の共有のあり方から、共同体の持続のメカニズムを探求していきます。

[ Research Introduction ]

This joint study aims to clarify the framework of the community and the momentum and mechanism of remembering the past. In doing so, it takes the diaspora communities of Jewish people and the Roma ("Gypsy people"), which have been forced to move and disperse, as examples. Although Jewish people and the Roma ("Gypsy people") are both communities with traumatic memories of historical persecution and the Holocaust, the former community emphasizes inheritance through writing culture, and the latter does so through oral tradition. This has been perceived as a difference in the community formation and collective recollection processes, including national construction.

In this study, we focus on the way in which the image of the community is created through the medium of community memory such as music, photographs, paintings, buildings, online materials, etc., and the scope of sharing it. Our approach is based on recent cultural anthropological research on collective memory theory and non-human beings. We explore the sustainability of diasporic community focusing on how the medium of remembering allows people to create or deviate from the collective memory and narratives, which tend to converge toward a single origin of the community. By examining diaspora cases in different regions, we clarify the relationship between the practice of remembering and the demarcation of communities.

Page Top